BIBLIOGRAPHY
MODULE 1:
Branch, L. S. (2025, April 8). Consolidated federal laws of canada, youth criminal justice act. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/y-1.5/
Cyber Safety and Cyberviolence. (n.d.). Western University. https://cybersmart.uwo.ca/for_western_community/learn_it/Resources/cyber_safety.html
Cyberviolence. (n.d.). Tech Without Violence. https://techwithoutviolence.ca/cyberviolence
Emerson, E., Aitken, Z., King, T., Arciuli, J., Llewellyn, G., & Kavanagh, A. M. (2022). The association between disability and risk of exposure to peer cyber victimisation is moderated by gender: Cross-sectional survey. Disability and Health Journal, 15(1), 101170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101170
Evelyn, S., Clancy, E. M., Klettke, B., & Tatnell, R. (2022). A phenomenological investigation into cyberbullying as experienced by people identifying as transgender or gender diverse. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116560
Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2022, February 1). Just the facts: Cyberbullying. Government of Canada. https://rcmp.ca/en/gazette/just-facts-cyberbullying
Survey of online harms in Canada 2023. (2023, March 1). The Dais. https://dais.ca/reports/survey-of-online-harms-in-canada-2023/
Tanni, T., Akter, M., Anderson, J., Amon, M., & Wisniewski, P. (2024). Examining the unique online risk experiences and mental health outcomes of lgbtq+ versus heterosexual youth (No. arXiv:2402.08974). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.08974
The Facts about Gendered Digital Hate, Harassment, and Violence. (2024, January 4). Canadian Women’s Foundation. https://canadianwomen.org/the-facts/online-hate-and-cyberviolence/
Types of cyberviolence. (n.d.). Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/cyberviolence/types-of-cyberviolence
MODULE 2:
Abuse Using Technology. (2025, April 12). WomensLaw.org. https://www.womenslaw.org/about-abuse/abuse-using-technology/ways-survivors-use-and-abusers-misuse-technology/gps-monitoring-0
Dhulipala, S. (2023, September 27). The echo chamber effect: How algorithms shape our worldview. Campaign Asia. https://www.campaignasia.com/article/the-echo-chamber-effect-how-algorithms-shape-our-worldview/491762
Facial recognition technology use in policing. (2022, April 15). Canadian Human Rights Commission. https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/about-human-rights/publications/facial-recognition-technology-use-policing
Gollom, M. (2022, May 26). Educational tech, including CBC Kids, harvested personal data from children, new report claims. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-kids-personal-data-educational-technology-1.6465739
Han, H. J. (2022). “How dare they peep into my private life? .” Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/05/25/how-dare-they-peep-my-private-life/childrens-rights-violations-governments
Lamensch, M. (2011, April 11). Putting Our Bodies Online: The Privacy Risks of Tech Wearables. Centre for International Governance Innovation.https://www.cigionline.org/articles/putting-our-bodies-online-the-privacy-risks-of-tech-wearables/
Mathur, P., Broekaert, C., & Clarke, C. P. (2024, May 1). Radicalization and counter-radicalization: The potential of artificial intelligence. International Centre for Counter-Terrorism. https://icct.nl/publication/radicalization-and-counter-radicalization-potential-artificial-intelligence
MENTOR. (2023). Youth-led advocacy guide. https://www.mentoring.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Youth-Led-Advocacy-Guide.pdf
Metzler, H., & Garcia, D. (2024). Social Drivers and Algorithmic Mechanisms on Digital Media. Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 19(5), 735–748. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057
Schwab, K. (2016, January 14). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What it means and how to respond. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
Shin, D., & Jitkajornwanich, K. (2024). How algorithms promote self-radicalization: Audit of tiktok’s algorithm using a reverse engineering method. Social Science Computer Review, 42(4), 1020–1040. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393231225547
Simmons, R. (2024, November 8). What’s the impact of AI on digital privacy? Are you at risk? ReputationDefender. https://www.reputationdefender.com/blog/privacy/whats-the-impact-of-ai-on-digital-privacy-are-you-at-risk
Stark, L. (2021, November 8). Facial recognition & canadian youth. Centre for Media, Technology and Democracy. https://www.mediatechdemocracy.com/all-work/facial-recognition-and-canadian-youth
UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti. (2018, November). Digital connectivity: Accelerating access to digital connectivity for the most marginalized children and young people (Policy Lab Guide). UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/esa/media/3141/file/PolicyLab-Guide-DigitalConnectivity-Nov.6.18-lowres.pdf
What is algorithmic bias? (2024, September 20). IBM. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/algorithmic-bias
What is blockchain? (2021, July 8). IBM. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/blockchain
What is the internet of things (Iot)? (2023, May 12). IBM. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/internet-of-things
MODULE 3
About discord | our mission and story. (n.d.). Discord. https://discord.com/company
About X | Our company and priorities. (n.d.). X. https://about.x.com/en
Cai, J., Chowdhury, S., Zhou, H., & Wohn, D. Y. (2023). Hate raids on twitch: Understanding real-time human-bot coordinated attacks in live streaming communities. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 7(CSCW2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3610191
Defining “online abuse”: A glossary of terms. (2018, April 11). Online Harassment Field Manual. https://onlineharassmentfieldmanual.pen.org/defining-online-harassment-a-glossary-of-terms/
Evelyn, S., Clancy, E. M., Klettke, B., & Tatnell, R. (2022). A phenomenological investigation into cyberbullying as experienced by people identifying as transgender or gender diverse. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116560
Get help now. (n.d.). Cyber Civil Rights Initiative. https://cybercivilrights.org/ccri-safety-center/
How common is cybervictimization. (2025, March 6). Public Safety Canada. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/cbrbllng/hw-cmmn-cbrvctmztn-en.aspx?wbdisable=true
Lieberman, L. (2025, January 8). The rise of deepfake pornography: The legal landscape victims need to know. Lindsaylieberman.Com. https://lindsaylieberman.com/2025/01/08/the-rise-of-deepfake-pornography-the-legal-landscape-victims-need-to-know/
Online hate and aggression among young people in Canada. (2024, February 27). Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/240227/dq240227b-eng.htm
Parents—What is snapchat? (n.d.). Snapchat. https://parents.snapchat.com/about-snapchat
Rahman-Jones, I. (2024, November 1). Snapchat most-used app for online grooming, says NSPCC. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cze3p1j710ko
Taylor, S. (2025, November 25). Nearly 40 per cent of Canadian teens victimized online say it happened on Snapchat, new report says. National Post. https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/canadian-teens-online-victimization-snapchat-report
The Facts about Gendered Digital Hate, Harassment, and Violence. (2024, January 4). Canadian Women’s Foundation. https://canadianwomen.org/the-facts/online-hate-and-cyberviolence/
Tips for Managing Digital Stress and Staying Resilient. (2025, January 8). Every Mind. https://www.everymind.org/tips-for-managing-digital-stress/
Twitch.tv | About. (n.d.). Twitch.Tv. https://twitch.tv/p/about/about/
Weale, S. (2024, February 6). Social media algorithms ‘amplifying misogynistic content.’ The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2024/feb/06/social-media-algorithms-amplifying-misogynistic-content
Wolfe, A. (2025, February 24). Inside the telegram groups doxing women for their facebook posts. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/inside-the-telegram-groups-doxing-women-for-their-facebook-posts/
https://www.fiverr.com/resources/guides/digital-marketing/tiktok-vs-instagram
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-995X/2/2/15
MODULE 4:
https://inhope.org/EN/articles/online-safety-through-youth-empowerment
https://www.mentoring.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Youth-Led-Advocacy-Guide.pdf
https://www.decommerce.com/blog/creating-safe-spaces-in-online-communities
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373605.locale=en
https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/SaferInternet_Special_Report.pdf
MODULE 5
Bullying prevention. (2025, December 2). TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/safety/en/bullying-prevention/
Get support. (n.d.). Kids Help Phone. https://kidshelpphone.ca/
Home. (n.d.). NeedHelpNow.Ca. https://needhelpnow.ca/en/
https://www.unicef.org/stories/how-to-stop-cyberbullying#6
https://discord.com/safety/bullying-harassment-threats-policy-explainer
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373605.locale=en
MODULE 6
Get support. (n.d.). Kids Help Phone. https://kidshelpphone.ca/
Home—Hope for wellness helpline. (2018, October 13). https://www.hopeforwellness.ca/
Naseeha mental health. (n.d.). Naseeha Mental Health. https://www.naseeha.org
Raypole, C. (2019, May 24). Grounding techniques: Exercises for anxiety, ptsd, and more. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/grounding-techniques
Youthline—Confidential, non-judgemental & informed 2slgbtq+ support in ontario. (2022, June 25). https://www.youthline.ca/
https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_fofoe_WP_101_2018.pdf
https://mediasmarts.ca/teacher-resources/dealing-digital-stress-tip-sheet
https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-health-and-covid-19/coping-with-stress-and-anxiety
https://hellominimalism.com/mindful-tech-use-balanced-digital-life
MODULE 7
https://inhope.org/EN/articles/online-safety-through-youth-empowerment
https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/other-autre/c36fs_fi
https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pl/charter-charte/c11_2.html
https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pl/charter-charte/c18_1.html
https://www.peelpolice.ca/en/report-it/hate-motivated-and-bias-motivated-crime.aspx
https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pl/charter-charte/c63.html
https://www.digitalrights.community/blog/what-are-digital-rights